Forchlorfenuron (CPPU, N-(2-chloro-4-pyridinyl)-N'-phenylurea) is a synthetic cytokinin-type plant growth regulator that stimulates cell division in developing fruit, leading to significantly increased berry size in grapes and kiwifruit. CIB-registered for use on grapes in India.
CPPU works by binding to cytokinin receptors in actively dividing cells, promoting cell cycle progression beyond the G1 phase and increasing cell division rate during the critical window of berry development (10–21 days after bloom, berry diameter 3–8 mm). This results in a 20–40% increase in berry fresh weight in susceptible grape varieties.
When combined with Gibberellic Acid (GA3), CPPU provides a synergistic sizing effect: GA3 promotes cell elongation while CPPU promotes cell division, resulting in both larger and better-shaped berries. This combination is the standard sizing programme for Thompson Seedless, Sharad Seedless and other export-table-grape varieties in the Nashik and Sangli regions.
Pre-harvest interval (PHI): 30 days minimum. Use protective equipment during application. Do not apply after berry diameter exceeds 10 mm as this can cause uneven sizing and cracking.
| Active Ingredient | Forchlorfenuron (CPPU) |
| Concentration | 0.1% w/v |
| Formulation | Soluble Liquid (SL) |
| CIB Registration | Valid — Grapes, Kiwifruit |
| Mode of Action | Cytokinin receptor binding |
| PHI (Pre-Harvest Interval) | 30 days minimum |
| Storage | Cool, dark place — stable at room temperature |
| Shelf Life | 2 years |
| Standard Dose | 5–10 mg/L (5–10 ppm) solution |
| Application Method | Bunch dip or directed spray at berry 5–8 mm |
| With GA3 | 5 mg/L CPPU + 25–50 mg/L GA3 for combined programme |
| Timing | 10–21 days after full bloom, berry diameter 3–8 mm |
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