Key Facts: Varieties — Grand Naine (G9), Robusta, Poovan, Red Banana, Karpooravalli | States — Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra (Jalgaon), Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Bihar | Crop type — 12–18 month crop cycle — single crop harvest + ratoon management
Stage-wise Fertilizer Programme
Planting to Establishment (Month 1–2)
Tissue culture plant establishment
| Application | Product / Dose / Method |
|---|
| Planting hole treatment | FYM 10 kg/pit + Neem cake 250g/pit + Trichoderma 50g/pit |
| Planting dose | SSP 100g/pit + MOP 50g/pit mixed in soil before planting |
| First fertigation | 19:19:19 @ 5g/plant/week via drip from week 3 after establishment |
| Biostimulant | Seaweed extract 5 mL/L drench at 15 and 30 days for root promotion |
Early Vegetative Phase (Month 3–4)
Rapid leaf production
| Application | Product / Dose / Method |
|---|
| Nitrogen push | Urea 200g/plant/month via fertigation or ring placement |
| Potassium base | MOP 150g/plant/month |
| Weekly WSF | 20:20:20 @ 5g/plant/week via drip |
| Zinc spray | ZnSO4 0.2% foliar × 2 — critical for banana growth |
Active Growth Phase (Month 5–7)
Maximum leaf area development
| Application | Product / Dose / Method |
|---|
| High nitrogen period | Urea 250g/plant/month + CaNO3 100g/plant/month |
| Calcium magnesium | CaMg 15:0:0:12 @ 100g/plant/month for leaf quality |
| Potassium increase | SOP 200g/plant/month from month 6 |
| Boron spray | Borax 0.1% foliar × 2 for bunch development |
Shooting Phase (Month 8–10)
Inflorescence emergence and bunch development
| Application | Product / Dose / Method |
|---|
| Reduce N, push K | Stop heavy N; Urea down to 100g/plant. SOP 250g/plant/month |
| Potassium dominant | K:N ratio of 3:1 from shooting to harvest for bunch size and weight |
| Calcium spray | CaCl2 0.3% foliar × 3 for finger quality and shelf life |
| Manganese spray | MnSO4 0.3% foliar × 2 at bunch emergence |
| Bunch cover | Blue polythene sleeve over bunch at 8–10 days after shooting for protection |
Bunch Development to Harvest (Month 11–14)
Finger fill and maturity
| Application | Product / Dose / Method |
|---|
| Final potassium | SOP 0:0:50 @ 3 kg/100L WSF × 6 weeks via drip |
| Magnesium foliar | MgSO4 0.5% × 2 for chlorophyll maintenance in leaves |
| No nitrogen from Month 12 | Stop N to prevent fruit maturity delay |
| Bunch care | Dehand (remove last hand if thin), dejuicing, cushion strips |
Micronutrient Programme
| Nutrient | Recommended Dose & Method |
|---|
| Potassium (K) | 300–350 kg K₂O/ha total is the single most important nutrient for banana yield and quality |
| Zinc (Zn) | ZnSO4 15 kg/ha soil + 0.2% foliar — deficiency very common in sandy soils |
| Boron (B) | Borax 5 kg/ha soil + 0.1% foliar at shooting — prevents bunchy top effects |
| Magnesium (Mg) | MgSO4 25 kg/ha fertigation — essential for photosynthesis in large leaf crop |
Deficiency Signs to Watch For
| Deficiency | Symptoms & Identification |
|---|
| Zinc deficiency | Interveinal chlorosis, narrow leaves, bronzing, stunted growth — most common in Jalgaon banana |
| Magnesium deficiency | Yellowing of older leaves starting from margins, pale green colour, reduced bunch weight |
| Boron deficiency | Bunchy top appearance, multiple small leaves, distorted fingers, poor bunch formation |
| Potassium deficiency | Purple margin on older leaves, scorching from tip and margin, premature ripening, small bunch weight |
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